A circle can have infinitely many tangents since there are infinitely many points on the circumference of the circle and at each point of it, it has a unique tangent.
2. Fill in the blanks:
(i) A tangent to a circle intersects it in _______________ point(s).
(ii) A line intersecting a circle in two points is called a _______________.
(iii) A circle can have _______________ parallel tangents at the most.
(iv) The common point of a tangent to a circle and the circle is called _______________.
Answer:
(i) one
(ii) secant
(iii) two
(iv) point of contact
3. A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5 cm meets a line through the centre O at a point Q so that OQ = 12 cm. Length PQ is:
(A) 12 cm
(B) 13 cm
(C) 8.5 cm
(D) √119 cm
Answer:
(D)Â
We know that the line drawn from the centre of the circle to the tangent is perpendicular to the tangent.
∴OP ⊥ PQ
By applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔOPQ,
4. Draw a circle and two lines parallel to a given line such that one is a tangent and the other, a secant to the circle.
Answer:
AB || CD || EF
AB,CD and EF are three parallel lines where EF is the tangent to the circle.
Here CD id secant(Intersecting circle at 2 points P and Q)
EXERCISE 10.2
1. From a point Q, the length of the tangent to a circle is 24 cm and the distance of Q from the centre is 25 cm. The radius of the circle is:
(A) 7 cm
(B) 12 cm
(C) 15 cm
(D) 24.5 cm
Answer:
(A)Â
Let O be the centre of the circle.
Given that,
OQ = 25cm and PQ = 24 cm
As the radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact,
Therefore, OP ⊥ PQ
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔOPQ, we obtain
In right triangle OPQ,
[By Pythagoras theorem]
OP = 7 cm
Therefore, the radius of the circle is 7 cm.
Hence, alternative 7 cm is correct.
2. In Fig. 10.11, if TP and TQ are the two tangents to a circle with centre O so that ∠POQ = 110°, then ∠PTQ is equal to
(A) 60°
(B) 70°
(C) 80°
(D) 90°
Answer:
(B) It is given that TP and TQ are tangents.
Therefore, radius drawn to these tangents will be perpendicular to the tangents.
Thus, OP ⊥ TP and OQ ⊥ TQ
∠OPT = 90º
∠OQT = 90º
In quadrilateral POQT,
Sum of all interior angles = 360°
∠OPT + ∠POQ +∠OQT + ∠PTQ = 360°
⇒ 90°+ 110º + 90° +∠PTQ = 360°
⇒ ∠PTQ = 70°
Hence, alternative 70° is correct.
3. If tangents PA and PB from a point P to a circle with centre O are inclined to each other at angle of 80°, then ∠POA is equal to
(A) 50°
(B) 60°
(C) 70°
(D) 80°
Answer:
(A)It is given that PA and PB are tangents.
Therefore, the radius drawn to these tangents will be perpendicular to the tangents.
7. Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the larger circle which touches the smaller circle.
Answer:
Given Two circles have the same center O and AB is a chord of the larger circle touching the smaller circle at C; also. OA = 5 cm and OC = 3 cm
In Δ OAC,
⇒ AC = 4cm
∴ AB = 2AC (Since perpendicular drawn from the center of the circle bisects the chord)
∴ AB = 2 × 4 = 8cm
The length of the chord of the larger circle is 8 cm.
8. A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle (see figure). Prove that:
AB + CD = AD + BC
Answer:
We know that the tangents from an external point to a circle are equal.
AP = AS ……….(i)
BP = BQ ……….(ii)
CR = CQ ……….(iii)
DR = DS……….(iv)
On adding eq. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
(AP + BP) + (CR + DR)
= (AS + BQ) + (CQ + DS)
->AB + CD = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)
so,AB + CD = AD + BC
9. In figure, XY and X′Y′ are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another tangent AB with point of contact C intersecting XY at A and X′Y′ at B. Prove that ∠AOB = 90°.
Answer:
Given: In figure, XY and X’Y’ are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another
tangent AB with point of contact C intersecting XY at A and X’Y’ at B.
Let us join point O to C.
In ΔOPA and ΔOCA,
OP = OC (Radii of the same circle)
AP = AC (Tangents from point A)
AO = AO (Common side)
ΔOPA ≅ ΔOCA (SSS congruence criterion)
Therefore, P ↔ C, A ↔ A, O ↔ O
∠POA = ∠COA …(i)
Similarly, ΔOQB ≅ ΔOCB
∠QOB = ∠COB …(ii)
Since POQ is a diameter of the circle, it is a straight line.
From equations (i) and (ii),it can be observed that
2∠COA + 2 ∠COB = 180º
∠COA + ∠COB = 90º
∠AOB = 90°
10. Prove that the angel between the two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is supplementary to the angle subtended by the line-segment joining the points of contact at the centre.
Answer:
 Let us Consider a circle with centre O. Let P be an external point from which two tangents PA and PB are drawn to the circle which are touching the circle at point A and B respectively and AB is the line segment, joining point of contacts A and B together such that it subtends ∠AOB at center O of the circle.
It can be observed that
OA ⊥ PA
∴ ∠OAP = 90°
Similarly, OB ⊥ PB
∴ ∠OBP = 90°
In quadrilateral OAPB,
Sum of all interior angles = 360º
∠OAP +∠APB +∠PBO +∠BOA = 360º
⇒ 90º + ∠APB + 90º + ∠BOA = 360º
⇒ ∠APB + ∠BOA = 180º
∴ The angle between the two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is supplementary to the angle subtended by the line-segment joining the points of contact at the centre.
11. Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.
Answer:
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram circumscribing a circle.
To Prove: ABCD is a rhombus.
Proof: Since, the tangents from an external point to a circle are equal.
We know that the tangents drawn to a circle from an exterior point are equal in length.
∴ AP = AS, BP = BQ, CR = CQ and DR = DS.
AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
(AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)
 ∴ AB + CD = AD + BC or 2AB = 2BC           (since AB = DC and AD = BC)
∴ AB = BC = DC = AD.
Therefore, ABCD is a rhombus.
Hence, proved.
12. A triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 4 cm such that the segments BD and DC into which BC is divided by the point of contact D are of lengths 8 cm and 6 cm respectively (see figure). Find the sides AB and AC.
Answer:
In ΔABC,
Length of two tangents drawn from the same point to the circle are equal,
∴ CF = CD = 6cm
∴ BE = BD = 8cm
∴ AE = AF =x
We observed that,
13. Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary angles at the centre of the circle.
Answer:
Let ABCD be a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle with O such that it touches the circle at point P, Q, R, S. Join the vertices of the quadrilateral ABCD to the center of the circle.
In ΔOAP and ΔOAS,
AP = AS (Tangents from the same point)
OP = OS (Radii of the circle)
OA = OA (Common side)
ΔOAP ≅ ΔOAS (SSS congruence condition)
∴ ∠POA = ∠AOS
⇒∠1 = ∠8
Similarly we get,
∠2 = ∠3
∠4 = ∠5
∠6 = ∠7
Adding all these angles,
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠5 + ∠6 + ∠7 +∠8 = 360º
⇒ (∠1 + ∠8) + (∠2 + ∠3) + (∠4 + ∠5) + (∠6 + ∠7) = 360º
⇒ 2 ∠1 + 2 ∠2 + 2 ∠5 + 2 ∠6 = 360º
⇒ 2(∠1 + ∠2) + 2(∠5 + ∠6) = 360º
⇒ (∠1 + ∠2) + (∠5 + ∠6) = 180º
⇒ ∠AOB + ∠COD = 180º
Similarly, we can prove that ∠BOC + ∠DOA = 180º
Hence, opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary angles at the centre of the circle.